车企自研电池影响如何?
事件描述
近期,理想汽车在二季度财报沟通会上,董事长兼 CEO 李想表示,今年下半年开始,理想自研电池将陆续搭载到全系车型。
事件点评
我们预计理想汽车主要采用 PACK 自研自制,电芯自研代工生产模式。2026年 9 月,理想汽车参与国内某动力电池企业相关增资,同时理想汽车也引入中创新航进入自研电池供应体系。
宁德时代竞争力强劲,市场份额相对稳定。2023 年以来宁德时代在国内动力电池市场份额相对平稳,截至 2026 年 1-8 月,其在国内铁锂、三元市场市占率分别约 38%、74%,市占率的差异主要源于磷酸铁锂赛道比亚迪电池大量自供,推高了其在铁锂板块的份额。
车企与电池厂竞争格局的变化,本质上是产品定义话语权的争夺。从技术迭代趋势看,下一代电池技术仍是电池厂在引领。从商业演变上看,受产品定义话语权、供应链保障驱动,车企在电池 PACK 等层面有望部分切入,但也需要跨过车企规模效应门槛。电芯环节第三方电池厂仍具备较强竞争力,宁德时代有望延续类似博世公司的行业地位。
从投资角度看,高质量发展和极限制造成为关键,建议关注相关电池企业。
风险提示: 1、车企自研电池受资金、工艺等因素制约,研发及落地进度不及预期。
1、车企自研电池受资金、工艺等因素制约,研发及落地进度不及预期。
2、发生电池相关安全事故,对需求形成负面影响。
3、电池企业在新的电池技术趋势上出现相对落后。
电气设备
评级: 看好
日期: 2026.10.19
分析师张鹏
登记编码:S0950523070001
:18820232934
:zhangpeng1@wkzq.com.cn
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理想汽车自研电池梳理
在 8 月 26 日的二季度财报沟通会上,理想汽车董事长兼 CEO 李想曾表示,今年下半年开始,理想自研电池将陆续搭载到我们的全系车型。
根据理想公司公众号报道,目前,理想自研电池已经在理想 L8、理想 L6、理想 i8 上进行搭载,后续,理想自研电池将全面搭载到我们所有的车型。
理想汽车从 2020 年开始电芯的自主研发,理想自研电池的核心技术包括 5C 电芯、Pack和 BMS 等完整的电池系统。
我们认为理想主要采用是 PACK 自研自制,电芯自研代工生产模式。2026 年 9 月,理想汽车参与国内某动力电池企业相关增资,同时理想也引入中创新航进入自研电池供应体系。
宁德时代国内动力电池市占率持相对平稳。从宁德时代在国内动力电池装车市占率数据看,2023 年以来保持相对平稳。截至 2026 年 1-8 月,宁德时代在国内铁锂、三元市场市占率分别约 38%、74%,市占率的差异主要源于磷酸铁锂赛道比亚迪电池大量自供,推高了其在铁锂板块的份额。
车企和电池厂竞争格局的变化?
车企与电池厂竞争格局的变化,本质上是产业链各方在经济性考虑下,围绕产品定义话语权的争夺。
1) 技术迭代周期的节奏:从下一代电池技术迭代趋势看,结合《新型电池产业发展 “十五五”规划》,在钠离子电池、固态电池领域,宁德时代等电池企业仍具备前瞻技术优势。
2) 从商业演变上看,受产品定义话语权、供应链保障驱动,车企有望在 PACK 层面实现一定程度切入,但电芯环节的第三方电池厂仍具备较强竞争力,市场份额预期相对稳定,宁德时代有望延续类似博世公司的行业地位。
展望未来,车企有望部分切入自身相对擅长的 PACK 等领域,电池厂在电芯环节竞争壁垒突出。一方面是电芯存在深厚的电化学技术积淀,壁垒较高。例如特斯拉有部分电池自供规划,但同时和宁德时代等电池厂保持良好供应合作。另一方面是电芯制造工艺门槛较高,电池生产中微米级缺陷、ppm 级杂质、毫伏级电压波动,这类不易感知的问题,都可能引发安全事故。以宁德时代为代表的企业,已将电池制造缺陷率从行业 ppm 级压至 ppb(十亿分之一)级别。根据 2026 年 9 月《新型电池产业发展 “十五五” 规划》,到 2030 年,我国电池产业头部企业产品缺陷率目标达到 PPB 级。
站在车企视角,切入电池业务至少需要跨过规模效应的门槛。根据麦肯锡测算,汽车年产量 50 万辆以上,或是电池产能达 15GWh 以上,自产电池才具备成本优势;我们预计,考虑车企通常仍将维持一定规模外部电池采购,若要实现部分自供并取得成本竞争力,整车产销门槛需抬升至百万辆级别。
风险提示
1、车企自研电池受资金、工艺等因素制约,研发及落地进度不及预期。
2、发生电池相关安全事故,对需求形成负面影响。
3、电池企业在新的电池技术趋势上出现相对落后。
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